Hematite was identified as a mineral a long time ago. It is iron(III) ore or ferric oxide (FE2O3). The name hematite was derived from the Greek word "hema", which means blood, because of the reddish color of the first hematite that was found. Some early cultures believed that hematite formed from blood of soldiers killed in the battlefield, and for this reason it was revered.
According the Klein (2002) the properties of hematite are listed as follows:
Iron Man
1. A Hexagonal crystal System
2. Five to five and a half hardness
3. Reddish brown to black in color
4. Usually contains a red streak
5. A specific gravity of 5.26
6. Produces a metallic luster in crystal form
7. Produces a dull luster in earthy varieties.
Hematite is a common mineral and is mined as the main ore in iron. There are many varieties including iron rose, martite and kidney ore. Hematite is harder than pure iron but more brittle. The mineral is often found in banded formations that have come about because of precipitation from the water, with the water later drying up. Volcanic activity can also cause the formation of hematite. Red ochre (a powdered form of hematite) that was used by many ancient peoples is a clay form of hematite. It is found mainly in tropical areas. Tiger Iron is a form of deposit that contains layers of hematite and quartz. The mining of hematite has a number of hazards to man and nature. The water that is used becomes acidic and the tunnels are susceptible to landslides and movements and the miners themselves have a higher incidence of lung cancer. All mining operations are dangerous, but the hope is that all safety precautions are taken.
Large deposits of hematite are found in Australia, Mexico, England and the Lake Superior region of United States and Canada. There are still many years supply of hematite available.
There have even been deposits of hematite identified on Mars. The identification followed the use of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscope Imager showing small hematite spheres embedded into the rock at the landing site. No mining there yet!
All in all a unique mineral, that has become a common raw material for jewelry for both men and women.
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